Informative Essay on Hpv - 1566 Words

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Testing What is the Human Papillomavirus? Commonly known as HPV, it is an infection that spreads through sexual contact. There are over one hundred different types of HPV; several types cause genital warts, while other high risk strands can lead to cancer of the cervix, anus, vagina, and penis. Because HPV is often asymptomatic, many people are unaware of their infection status, and thus, their potential for transmitting the virus to a sexual partner. The significance of the Human Papillomavirus is that fifty percent of Americans who are sexually active will contract it within their lives, and at any given point there are twenty million Americans already infected with it (â€Å"By the numbers: HPV Vaccine†).†¦show more content†¦Cervical cancer has an effect on women not only in a health manner. The emotional cost from HPV is a further burden as it may include fear of cervical cancer, apprehension, and the stigma associated with a sexually transmitted infection. HPV is so com mon that drug companies long sought to develop a vaccine against it. In June 2006, Gardasil, a Human Papillomavirus vaccine made by Merck amp; Co., was licensed for use and brought to the market (â€Å"HPV Vaccine†). Gardasil, which is given into a series of three injections, targets the main types of HPV. The types targeted are HPV 6, HPV 11, HPV 16 and HPV 18, which cause ninety percent of the genital warts and are the leading causes of cervical cancer (â€Å"Cervical Cancer Symptoms, Causes, Treatments†). Brought to the attention by researchers â€Å"combined, those strains affect an estimated 3 million women in the U.S† (â€Å"HPV Vaccine†). Since HPV is so common in the United States, the makers of Gardasil are trying to get a law approved that will make the shots mandatory. In 2006, Upon Gardasil’s release, Merck amp; Co. launches an intensive lobbying effort to convince state lawmakers to make the vaccine mandatory for girls entering middle school. Approximately two dozen states consider adopting such a law in the first few months after Gardasil’s debut. â€Å"Key Events in the History of HPV† Women are not aware of the

Essay on Website Design Moves Forward Constantly - 551 Words

â€Å"Design is not what it looks like and feels like. Design is how it works.† –Steve Jobs. No matter how the design looks, it should function properly and smoothly. Design wouldn’t be design without creativity. The use of colors and pictures can be a structure of a website, or the destruction. The website http://www.creative-knight.com/ uses color, pictures, and much more to build a foundation the makes the website unique and creative. Without creativity the design would be dull and wouldn’t draw your attention. The website has responsive web design, which makes the website more relaxing and much easier to use. Website design moves forward constantly, which means to have a great website, the developer have to be ahead of every other†¦show more content†¦Creativity involves two processes: thinking, then producing. If you have ideas, but don’t act on them, you are imaginative but not creative.† (Naiman, Linda. What is Creativity? | Cr eativity at Work.). To be creative it takes more than an imagination, this website brings a lot of great ideas to life. MVP is one of the most important factors to design and design elements. Every detail matters, but only to a certain extent. In website design MVP is minimal viable product. MVP helps keep things simple and to the point. Website that use MVP are in style and more modern, these websites tend to be more successful as well. â€Å"A minimum viable product (MVP) is a development technique in which a new product or website is developed with sufficient features to satisfy early adopters. The final, complete set of features is only designed and developed after considering feedback from the products initial users.† (Janssen, Cory. What is a Minimum Viable Product (MVP)? - Definition from Techopedia.). The MVP make the website less crowded, and easier to function. The website has everything it needs, and nothing that is unnecessary. There’s a lot to learn about creativity. Everyday people pass these things, and never stop to think to themselves about the work behind the website. The website http://www.creative-knight.com/ uses design elements to bring together creativity and responsive design. The color makesShow MoreRelatedTechnology And The New Battle Ground1545 Words   |  7 PagesSource: Bridget van Kralingen – SVP, IBM Global Business Services What I took from that is, we waste so much time and effort worrying about keeping up with technology, trends, platforms†¦.., which are of course important. However it is not realistic to constantly keep up. Although a continuous focus on user experience is possible and does not always require new technology, heavy investment or a major innovation. 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Financial Plan

Question: Income Statement Proforma Operating Section: Revenue From the sale of goods or services. Expenses Incurred in selling the goods or providing the services. Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) / Cost of Sales In general revenues less expenses. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Depreciation / Amortization Research Development (RD) Expenses Expenses incurred in research and development. Non-Operating Section: Other Revenues or Gains Income from activities other than primary business activities (e.g. rent or income from patents). Other Expenses or Losses These are expenses that are not incurred in relation to the primary business operations (e.g. foreign exchange loss). Finance Costs Costs of borrowing from banks and other creditors (e.g. interest expenses, bank charges). Income Tax Expense Sum of the amount of tax payable to tax authorities in the current reporting period. Irregular Items These are reported separately because this way users can better predict future cash flows; irregular items most likely will not recur. These are reported net of taxes. Answer: Financial Plan This is a financial report discussing about the funding and the arrangement of fund details for the innovative project idea discussed earlier. The idea is to set up technology business by building a platform for the registered users to buy and sell their second hand electronic goods and devices. Every registered user is provided services to use the platform for one year and the charges that are assumed are at 100 AED per registration with an annual escalation in price assumed at 5%. It is assumed that the development of this advanced platform and bringing it live would take a development period of 12 months i.e., 1 year. The sources of the project cost estimates are assumed in the ratio of 75% to 25% for debt to equity. An interest rate of 10% is assumed on the debt raised and is assumed to be repaid in 3 years after 1 year of successful implementation. The operating budget as per given proforma has been developed as shown below but is made on a quarterly basis. From the 2nd year the projections or budgeted estimates may be observed from the income statement as shown below as per proforma given. For revenues, no of registrations during that year are assumed and multiplied with the registration fee is considered as the operating revenue. The other source of income is assumed to be from the patenting rights obtained on the second hand products technology platform which is assumed as a minimum percentage of sales (Pinson, 2008; Greene, 2008). The interest and preliminary expenses during development period are capitalized under project cost. The details are as below: Project Cost Sources of Funds Particulars in AED Web Space 10000 Office Space 120000 IT Infrastructure - - Computer/ Laptops 48000 -S/w purchases 24000 -Server room requisites 10000 Development Cost 80000 Preliminary Expenses Patent rights 14600 Contingencies 14600 IDC 40000 TOTAL COST 361200 Sources of Funds Equity 90300 Debt 270900 TOTAL SOURCES 361200 Thus it is assumed that the initial equity to the tune of 90300 AED should be available to develop the project raising balance 0.28 million AED from external financial institutions or banks. The operating budget made and the sources and uses of cash are as shown below during the construction phase: OPERATING BUDGET Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 2 Year 2 Year 2 Year 2 Particulars Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Opening Cash 0 2500 5000 7500 10000 -365323 -740645 -1115968 Sources of Funds Equity 209213 161673 158943 153483 - - - - Debt 627638 485018 476828 460448 - - - - Operating Revenues - - - - 472500 472500 472500 472500 Non-Operating Revenues 2500 2500 2500 2500 9450 9450 9450 9450 Total sources of funds 839351 649191 638271 616431 481950 481950 481950 481950 Infrastructure procurement costs 212000 - - - - - - - Development phasing 20% 40% 30% 10% - - - - Development Other costs 21840 43680 32760 10920 - - - - Operating Expenses - - - - 47250 47250 47250 47250 Non-operating expenses incl. taxes 603011 603011 603011 603011 810023 810023 810023 810023 Total Uses 836851 646691 635771 613931 857273 857273 857273 857273 Net Cash 2500 2500 2500 2500 -375323 -375323 -375323 -375323 Closing Cash Balance 2500 5000 7500 10000 -365323 -740645 -1115968 -1491290 The income statement following the development year 1 for next 3 years is as below: Income Statement Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Operating Revenues No of Registrations # no 0 18000 60000 100000 Registration fee in AED 100 105.00 110.25 115.76 Total operating revenues 0 1890000 6615000 11576250 Operation Expenses Cost of Sales 0 189000 661500 1157625 Operating Profit 0 1701000 5953500 10418625 Non-operating Revenues Revenues from patent in AED 10000 37800 132300 231525 Total non-operating revenues 10000 37800 132300 231525 Non-operating Expenses Salaries Manpower Expense 1980000 2079000 2182950 2292098 Web space renewal expense 5000 5000 5000 Office Rent expense 120000 126000 132300 138915 Office Maintenance expenses 15000 15750 16538 17364 Total Selling, Admin Gen Expenses 2115000 2220750 2331788 2448377 R D Expenses 283500 992250 1736438 2062020 Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation EBITDA -2105000 -481950 3754013 8201773 Interest Expense 13545 27090 22575 13545 Depreciation/ Amortization 8200 8200 8200 8200 Profit before taxes PBT -2126745 -517240 3723238 8180028 Taxes -638023.5 -155172 1116971 2454008 Profit After Taxes PAT -1488722 -362068 2606266 5726020 Add: Depreciation/ Amortization 8200 8200 8200 8200 Cash Profit -1480522 -353868 2614466 5734220 Cumulative Cash Balance -1480522 -1834390 780077 6514296 From the table it is clear that the company will be cash rich from the very first year of operations recovering all the losses made during year 1 and year of development assuming the above sales being generated. The cash available with the company with our idea implementation would be to the tune of 0.78 million AED by the end of year 3 which is projected to reach 6.52 million AED by end of year 4. Thus the proposal which indeed is a high capital intensive project, but is feasible to recover them within a year of implementation and the project is innovative in its nature facilitating the customers to sell or buy any second hand electronic good. References Greene, C. L. (2008). Entrepreneurship: Ideas in Action. Cengage Learning. Pinson, L. (2008). Anatomy of a Business Plan: A Step-by-step Guide to Building the Business and Securing Your Company's Future. Aka associates.

Northwest Case Study Essay Example

Northwest Case Study Essay Synopsis: Northwest Canadian Forest Products Limited is a company that owns and operates five saw mills in British Columbia and Alberta, Canada. They produce lumber for construction in a few different countries. The President of the company is dealing with a tough situation with one of her mills in Jackson, British Columbia. The mill in Jackson is her least productive mill and she soon has to make a decision that could cost the company a substantial amount of money. She has the choice of either investing 50 million in the weak Jackson mill or to invest more that 50 million in a new mill high demand area. The president has been informed of the many complaints from the managers and supervisors, but nothing seems to be the right solution. The Jackson mill faces many problems with their safety regimen as well as the overall structure of the employees. The mill cannot operate productively internal employee disputes. The president stated that she will not invest 50 million in Jackson unless the new general manager makes some much needed improvement. The president soon needs to make the decision on whether to upgrade the Jackson Mill, or to start a new mill and lay off a large number of workers Diagnosis: Northwest Canadian Forest Products Limited has many problems they are facing with their Jackson mill. The problem is that there are poor labor-management relations. Workers have gone on strike multiple times leaving the company with physical and financial damage. There is no way a company will succeed unless there is some type of control within this branch. The managers are not taking their jobs seriously or even acting within reason. It has been noted that the overall safety of the employees is at risk due to past inspections. This company has no structure what so ever and has no goal oriented drive. Apparently almost every employee has some complaint directed at someone else. Not one employee seems to be willing to compromise toward a particular goal. Managers and Supervisors are not worried about the overall quality of the product being made; they are more concerned with the speed of production. The intense requirements put on the laborers are causing problems which lead to unfair treatment. Most of the laborers were not properly trained with the equipment because that was not the manager’s main concern. We will write a custom essay sample on Northwest Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Northwest Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Northwest Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Management was trying to be productive with speeding up production, but in return got angry employees working in unsafe areas. It is understood that there is no trust in the labor management relation, making it almost impossible for improvement. The overall problem should have been taken care of by the president when it first started many years ago. The products limited company does not understand the importance of goal oriented production. Each employee has a different goal in mind and in return none are getting reached. The president wants a quality product with efficient production; while the managers want mass production in a short amount of time. The laborer’s are getting over worked because they try and produce a quality product, but is impossible with the push they receive. In return the president is angry at the managers for the poor quality, while the managers are angry with laborers. It is a big circle of arguments that does not get solved. Solutions: 1)The first solution to the sawmills problem would be to get structure in the company. The president needs to go down to Jackson and take control of this situation. She needs to have managers and supervisors that take the blame for loss of productivity instead of blaming the labors. The president needs to be confident in these employees because they are the backbone of her operation. Before the 50 million dollars can be invested the situation needs to be handled. The president needs to make sure that her employees know safety is important to her. Some labors never felt safe and they thought the only goal was to make money. When safety checks are conducted then employees can be properly trained to do their intended job. If time is spent now to reinforce their skills with production money will be saved because there will be less down time. The company has been losing money for years now, so doing the correct procedures now will benefit them. The employees overall need to have a safe, friendly working environment or the saw mill will go back to how it originally operated. Each set of workers needs to be assigned a supervisor, then that supervisor reports to the manager. The general manger has the ultimate authority when it comes to decisions in the plant. The president puts full trust in the GM to run the day to day operations in this company. The 50 million dollars invested should not just go straight towards equipment. Some of that needs to be budgeted for employee training, safety upgrades, management seminars, productivity seminars, and employee surveys. Each one of these upgrades will contribute to the relations problem stated by the president. These problems will not just vanish; many companies elect these options as a form of improvement. If each of these options can be taken into account the company will have a better chance of success. These employees were thrown into a work environment they were not suited for. Each individual mill needs to have individual goals. The manager at the Jackson mill cannot expect to put out the same production as another mill in British Columbia. Every situation is different and each mill needs to set a limit. 2)The second solution to the problem would be to have the president invest in another mill in Alberta, Canada. The mill in Jackson, BC has so many problems and loss of productivity there needs to be some kind of change. Investing the 50 million would be too much of a risk because they have not turned profit in many years. If they downsize the mill, the GM can start from the ground up and gain some control of the situation. The president needs to realize each additional employee in her Jackson mill is contributing to the downfall of that individual mill. With the 50 million plus investment in Alberta, Northwest Canadian Forest Products Limited can now serve the demand of the customers in that market. This solution is still risky; however the company knows what kind of demand to expect because they are already in the area with another mill. They can predict how much business they will be getting due to the other mill. If one mill has to many production orders, the other mill can help out so the internal workers stay on track. This would be beneficial because employees would not be pushed to meet a quota of certain products. The president can learn from the Jackson mill that pushing employees to the limit has a negative effect. These mills are known for producing high quality lumber and it would be a mistake to test clients to see if they can tell the differences. The big investment in the new mill would save the quality of the product. Conclusion: The Preferred solution would be to get the Jackson mill in order before starting to make any investment. Jackson does need some upgrades, but the president believed that most of the problems were due to poor labor management. The Jackson mill has the same equipment as the other mills and those mills are not having any difficulties with productivity. The 50 million would be a waste on new equipment because that is not the main source of the problem. By downsizing the Jackson mill the GM can really get an idea of what plan he needs to put into action. The negative side of this action would be laying off workers, however if it is needed then there is no choice. If the Jackson mill is still underwater with better management then the president can make the right decision. Investing a large sum of money anywhere is a huge risk, she just needs to way out her options. If Jackson management is inline and production is up then the 50 million dollar investment would be beneficial. The company needs to look at the history of the Jackson mill. They upgraded the mill in 1986 and since then is has been the poorest in productivity and quality. This upgrade in the past confirms that the poor quality and productivity is in fact not the equipment. Overall downsizing is the best option and investing in another plant with high demand for product. Given the information from the case is hard to make a definite decision because there are no financial numbers given to us.

English Essay Writing Outline

English Essay Writing Outline English Essay Writing Outline English Essay Writing Outline Prior to writing English essay, you need to develop strategies for thinking and questioning. Setting up comparisons, questioning propositions, checking an argument for validity are all relevant for essay writing. Here are some useful strategies for your English essay writing outline. Ultimately, you will need to devise the one you can comfortably use while writing college English essay. Strategy one: Introduction (raise an issue). Say why X, Y and Z are important. Say what your English essay discusses and what the order is in which it is structured. Set the context, generate a background, and touch on issues. Review the background literature if it is necessary for English essay writing. Make specific comparisons. Give examples. Construct an argument based on evidence (main body of an essay). Draw some conclusions if you can. Summarize if necessary and point out any important implications. Add references, bibliography, and an appendix. Strategy two: Decide on approximately ten areas you want to write about. Write an outline and introduction. Write logically from paragraph to paragraph. Search for a more appropriate structure. Try out at least 3 structures. Choose one of these and redraft an English essay. Look at the overall shape. Is there an argument? Use a checklist devised by you to see if you have considered everything you needed to consider. Add references, bibliography, and an appendix. Good Essay Topics There are many ways to write about the same essay topic. Writing an essay sometimes you are clarifying a point, sometimes analyzing the implications of the point you have just made. Below are the four common strategies for English essay writing.   You are welcome to choose any strategy: 1 Describing 2 Interpreting 3 Generalizing 4 Hypothesizing The commonest form of English essay writing and the one that is the easiest to apply is describing. Description may be essential if you have to analyze the rigorous analysis and provide insightful comment. It is rarely possible to sustain lengthy description without moving to other forms of writing, especially if it is passive, factual description of events and situations. If you are not sure whether your academic English essay writing is descriptive without being analytical, try to find propositions within the essay. If none exists, then you probably have a mere description rather than expression of a point of view. Description acts as a symbol from which the reader can easily understand the message of the English essay.   Placing an order at .com, you receive custom written English essay and free outline.   In addition, you are welcome to request free services such as editing, revision, and cover page.   We are open for mutually beneficial cooperation based on tr ust and respect.

Crimes of Killer Cop Antoinette Frank

Crimes of Killer Cop Antoinette Frank Antoinette Renee Frank (born April 30, 1971) is one of two women on death row in Louisiana.   On March 4, 1995, Frank was employed as a New Orleans police officer when she and accomplice Rogers Lacaze committed an armed robbery  at a restaurant and a killed New Orleans police officer and  two family members who were working at the restaurant. The motive of the murders was money. Frank interviewed with the New Orleans Police Department in January 1993. Despite that she was caught lying several times on her application and that after completing two psychiatric evaluations a firm do not hire status was recommended, the decision was made to hire her anyway. As a police officer cruising the streets of New Orleans, she came off as weak, indecisive and as some of her co-workers stated, borderline irrational. After her first six months on the force, her supervisor was close to having her return to the police academy for more training, but there was a shortage of manpower and she was needed on the streets. Instead, he teamed her up with a seasoned officer. Rogers Lacaze Roger Lacaze was a known 18-year-old  drug dealer who had been shot. Frank was the officer assigned to take his statement and a relationship between the two immediately transpired. Frank decided that she was going to help Lacaze turn his life around. However, the relationship quickly turned into a sexual one. Frank and Lacaze began spending a lot of time together and she did little to hide it from her fellow police officers or her superiors. She allowed him to ride in her police car when she was on duty and he sometimes accompanied her on calls. She would sometimes introduce him as a trainee or nephew. The Murders On March 4, 1995, Frank and Lacze showed up at the Kim Anh Vietnamese restaurant in east New Orleans, Louisiana, at 11 p.m. Frank had worked security at the restaurant and was on friendly terms with the family that owned and ran it. They would often give her food for free, even when she was not working. Fellow police officer Ronald Williams also worked security at the restaurant and was responsible for scheduling the other officers. He was there when Frank and Lacaze showed up.  Frank introduced Lacaze  as her nephew, but Williams recognized him as a thug who he had stopped on more than one occasion.   At around midnight, 24-year-old Chau Vu, who was working the restaurant with her sister and two brothers, decided it was slow enough to close. She was headed to the back to balance the money, when she noticed that the key to the restaurant was missing since the last time she had let Frank and her nephew out. She continued on to the kitchen to count money, then returned to the dining room to pay Williams who was working security that night.  Frank suddenly appeared back at the restaurant, shaking the door to come in. Sensing something was wrong, she went into the back and hid the money in the microwave, then returned to the front of the restaurant.   Earlier, after the first time the couple left, Williams told Chau Frank and her nephew were bad news. Chau had already decided that she did trust Frank after seeing her nephew, who looked like a gang member with his gold front teeth.   Chaus 18-year-old brother Quoc Vu, was talking with Williams when Frank returned. Chau shouted to him, not to let her in, but Frank came in on her own, using the missing key to open the door. As Frank walked into the restaurant, Williams approached her and confronted her about having a key, but she ignored him and continued towards the kitchen, shoving Chau and Quoc along with her. In the meantime, Lacaze, armed with a 9 mm pistol, came into the restaurant and shot Williams in the back of the head at close range, which immediately severed his spinal cord. Williams fell, paralyzed, and Lacaze shot him two more times in the head and back, killing him.He then took the officers revolver and his wallet. During the shooting, Franks attention turned to Lacaze, and Chau grabbed Quoc and an employee named Vui and they fled to the restaurants walk in- cooler, turned off the lights and hid. Chau, then Quoc carefully looked through the glass of the cooler to see what was going on. They watched as Frank and Lacaze searched frantically for the money. When they found it, they went to where Chaus older brother and sister were and forced them to their knees. The two siblings held hands and began praying and begging for their lives.   Frank shot both of them at close range with the same gun LaCaze had used to kill Williams. Then the killers began searching for the others. Assuming that they had escaped, Frank and Lacaze left the restaurant and drove away. Quoc ran to the neighbors to call 9.1.1. while  Chau stayed at the restaurant. She also called 911 but was so distraught after finding her brother and sister, and Williams dead, that she was unable to communicate clearly. Frank returned to the restaurant just seconds before the police. As Chau ran from the restaurant to a female police officer, it appeared that Frank was running after her, but she was stopped by the officers. She identified herself as a police officer and said that three masked men had escaped out the back door. Frank then approached Chau, and asked her what happened and if she was alright. Chau, in disbelief, and in broken English, asked why she would ask that, because she was there and knew what had happened. Sensing Chaus fear, the female officer pulled Chau away and told Frank not to leave. Slowly Chau was able to say what had happened. When Quoc returned to the scene, he validated what Chau had said. Frank was escorted to headquarters, after supplying the investigators with information on where she had dropped Lacaze off after leaving the restaurant after the shooting. When they were each interrogated, they pointed the finger at each other as being the trigger man. Frank finally said that she shot the younger brother and sister, but only because Lacaze had a gun to her head. They were both charged with armed robbery and murder. Death by Lethal Injection LaCaze trial was first. He tried to convince the jury that he was not at the restaurant and that Frank had acted alone. He was found guilty of three counts of first-degree murder and was sentenced to death by lethal injection. In October 1995 the jury sentenced Frank to death by lethal injection for the murders of Officer Ronald Williams and Ha and Cuong Vu. Update:  Rogers Lacaze is Granted a New Trial On July 23, 2015,  Ã‚  Judge Michael Kirby granted Rogers Lacaze a new trial because a former police officer was on the jury, which was in violation of jury rules. The juror,  Ã‚  David Settle, never revealed that he had worked for 20 years with the police.

Debate2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Debate2 - Coursework Example Free trade arguments have in past times received support from majority of global institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and World Trade Organization (WTO). As part of the argument in this paper, it will examine how removal of trade barriers induces higher level of economic growth and efficiency within the global economy (Quinlan & Stevens 1998b). None of the countries, in recent decades, has accomplished economic success, in regard to substantial improvement in its people`s living standards, without opening up its economy and engaging in free trade with the rest of the globe. For example, trade opening together with opening economies to foreign direct investment, constitute an important element in the growth of economies of East Asia. The average import tariff in these economies has fallen to 10 percent from 30 percent over the last 20 years. Several Asian countries have become more successful since they opted to participate in the global trade w hich has also helped them in attracting the bulk of direct foreign investment in developing countries as an expansion of their market. This is undoubtedly true of India and China since they both have embraced trade liberalization as well as other market-oriented reforms. China currently invests and trade with East African countries as a result of free trade agreement between the nations. Trade liberalization offers the ideal policy prescription since the economic benefits that accrue from free trade are relatively simpler to illustrate. Countries in the world are generally confronted with just two prices for goods and services within the global economy: the world prices and the domestic price. In a situation where the world price is lower than a country`s domestic price, say Brazil, then domestic consumers from Brazil will purchase the services and good offered by other international markets since they are cheaper. However, firms in Brazil can respond to the effect of free trade by seeking government support through imposing import tax or apply for investment incentives. In addition to the argument that free trade functions best in promoting efficient allocation of resources, it has also been asserted to occasion additional long-run benefits like; economies of scale, improved productivity since prices for intermediate services and goods decrease, and growth externalities via technology transfer. Economies of scale apply to industries which require a very huge volume of production prior to reaching the lowest average cost (AC). Examples of these industries are the movie and film industries of Nigeria and Hollywood. Without no doubt, such industries will hardly arise in an environment that free trade is restricted because, based on the reality that such industries definitely need large markets so as to be efficient, their market will be narrowed only to domestic market (United States, 2004). Growth externalities means the production benefits which may originate from the incorporation of recent technologies acquired by other globe`s production firms through enhanced interaction with foreign countries as a result of free trade. Therefore, free trade offers numerous opportunities for innovation and learning, which are necessary for the global economic growth and strength of international economies, than are offered by a system of closed economy or managed trade (Maddison, 2001). An example of these growth externality

Article Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Article Critique - Essay Example In their article, Jehlen and Kopkowski identify two major factors that are driving the push to disband large urban high schools in favor of small schools of less than 400 students. These factors are No Child Left Behind and large grants given by the Bill Gates Foundation. The article presents a brief overview of the positives and negatives of the small high school approach and then examines two sample high schools and presents interviews with the educators in these schools. One major issue the article does not address is the exact reasons that No Child Left Behind and the Bill Gates Foundation are causing such an impact on school reform. The authors mention that No Child Left Behind calls for increasing consequences for schools with lagging achievement and then state that these consequences force the schools to do something, regardless of what that something is but provide no additional details. Also, Jehlen and Kopkowski state that the Gates Foundation provides money to promote the building of smaller schools, but then contradict this information by revealing that the Foundation is no longer in support of smaller schools but is in support of more qualified faculty. A breakdown of the amount of money that the Gates Foundation donates to school districts would help the reader understand the amount of influence the foundation has. In the first of two high schools that are the focus of the article, the authors present Wyandotte High School in Kansas City, Kansas. The school was a large high school with discipline problems ranging from arson to assault. After breaking the school into small learning communities, discipline problems plummeted and test scores rose. Jehlen and Kopkowski interview several teachers who all agree that the reform was positive. The only problem with the analysis is that the authors present such an extreme case. Very few schools deal with arson and assaults on the faculty with any regularity. The teachers working in this school admitted that they did not want to return the next day to teach. With subjects such as these, the study is biased. In such a difficult school, teachers would vastly overestimate the value of any reform that had any positive results. Any reduction in behavioral problems would be lauded by staff and administration. The second high school that Jehlen and Kopkowski focus on is Life Academy in Oakland, California. In Oakland, the school budget is being cut and the school illustrates the negatives of moving to the small school format. The teachers are forced to teach multiple preps, there is very little variety in the curriculum, and there are very few extracurricular activities. The analysis of Life Academy suffers for the same reason as that of Wyandotte High School. Few systems are in the extreme budget crunch of Oakland, and teachers who are in underfunded schools are more likely to report negatives of any reform. So, it is unsurprising that the interviews that Jehlen and Kopkowski conducted at Li fe Academy were primarily pessimistic. Overall, I believe that the current idea in school reform is a move forward in technology. School districts are still attempting to create smaller schools, but the push is for online education. Smaller schools cost more in resources, personnel, and other factors. Online education is much cheaper and requires fewer resources than smaller schools. Since districts are now concerned with saving money, the current school reform is online

Natural food and drink industry Essay Example for Free

Natural food and drink industry Essay Executive Summary The all natural food and drink industry is relatively new, it has emerged as part of the clean label trend and is seen as an alternative to the organic products or products labeled as â€Å"free-from†. The global all natural food and drink market has shown a steady growth during the last few years and is expected to grow due to rising demands for healthy, nutritional, natural foods and drinks without chemicals and artificial ingredients. Growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of about 35% annually, Indian non-carbonated drink market is likely to touch Rs. 54,000 crore by 2015 from the current level of Rs. 22,000 crore including fruit drinks, nectars and juices etc. Our company J-GAPS started in 2014 thereby tapping this potential in the Indian market had come up with a natural flavored drink segment in terms of coconut water with Kewra and Mint with the product named SIPCO in order to revive freshness. This could be seen as great opportunity in Maharashtra near the Konkan region where the natural source of tender coconut could be fully utilized to provide healthy natural beverage to people. The financial assistance is catered by coconut development board in terms of 50% cost of production. The vision of our company is to provide a natural drink to the consumer so as to improve their health in a fast paced lifestyle. Identifying the gap in this market through market analysis especially in terms of coconut water wherein there are hardly tetra packs available in order to make it convenient for people to have the nutritional drink without carrying the hard husk. The main drivers of introducing such a natural beverage includes rising consumer concerns regarding artificial ingredients, artificially introduced hormones and genetically modified products, and their awareness of the long term health benefits of natural food and good nutrition thereby having a lifestyle of health and sustainability (LOHAS). We therefore see ahead a great potential in this market as GEN – Y would be the most prominent segment to be tapped in order to sustain in the market and thereby expand our presence in India. 1. Current Marketing Situation 1.1 Industry overview The Indian packaged tender coconut water is still an industry in its development phase. There exist a very few players in this market. J-GAPS  aims to position its product in the general market where exist players like Pepsi, Coca cola, Parle agro foods etc. who are major players in the soft drink segment. The emerging trend among consumers to go for healthy and natural food products will drive this industry. Coconut water is a fruit juice with many unique features and a major one is a low calorie content .This makes it a very attractive prospect for weight management positioned juices. 1.2 Company description J-GAPS will primarily engage in extracting, processing and adding flavors to tender coconut water which is then ready to be delivered to stores. It is a privately held firm will be located in Ratnagiri in the state of Maharashtra .We have identified a location which is closer to the coconut farms. J-GAPS sources the tender coconut for its requirements from its own farms and also additionally from other farmers directly. Our processing unit has a capacity of processing liters water annually. 1.3 Market analysis- Tender flavored coconut water is recommended for people of all ages. With the consumers turning health conscious and preferring natural products, we believe that our product has a strong market both in domestic circles and in countries abroad. Our main target customer is the young generations who have a fancy for energy drinks. We also target sport persons with our special energy pack. We want to make our drink available for homes, offices, hospitals, sports persons, marriages, other occasions, hotels and restaurants. The recent studies showing the impact of aerated drinks on health has turned customer to ignore such artificially produced drinks and go for natural food drinks. The rising population will require larger amount of food drinks. Our product will be a natural thirst quencher with added flavor of Kewra essence in it which will be beneficial during the long summer months. 1.4 Major Segmentation Approach 1.5 PESTLE Analysis The Pestle Analysis identifies the political, economic, social, technological, legal and ecological influences on an organization. Political factors Various political factors affect the fruit juice industry. With the change of government the policies regulating the industry might change. As the taxation policy keeps changing, it has a significant effect on fruit juice industry. The government plans of encouraging foreign direct investments would affect our industry highly as organized fruit juice industry has only 3 % share as of now in the market but with FDIs it could increase significantly by coming of bigger players. Economic factors Our company would rely on trucks to move our raw materials to the processing plant and distribute our finished product so, fuel is also an important subject, so the company is subject to the fuel price fluctuation, and to possible fuel crisis. Since, ours is an agro based industry so we would be exposed to the risks of high prices due to crop failure, non-availability of raw material because of pest attack etc. Other economic factors affecting fruit juice industry are often linked to variability in real growth, inflation, interest rates, governmental actions and other factors. Factors like money supply, energy availability and cost, business cycles, etc. would also affect our company. Socio-cultural factors We are more than a billion strong nations and the youngest country as well. We are also home to the great Indian middle class. The major growth drivers in fruit juice market are increase in health consciousness among consumers, increase in disposable incomes and more sophisticated cocktail culture. There is more money circulating in the economy. With life becoming more hectic and tiring, consumer preferences are witnessing a visible shift towards healthy foods. Even the younger generation has started shifting from fizz to fresh and healthy. As people are becoming more and more educated, they are taking the healthy route. Technological factors Fruit juices have become big business throughout much of the developed and developing world with the increasing health conscious proportion of population. In this ever growing industry technology plays a major role in maintaining the quality and cost efficiency to generate higher profits.  Better technology can increase the shelf life of our product. Technology refers to both production process as well as machinery. Legal factors Processed fruit juices are regulated under the Food and Drugs Act and Regulations as a food product and the Consumer Packaging and Labelling Act. The Food and Drugs Act creates identity standards, provides a basis for labelling requirements and establishes the safety parameters for soft drinks. As food safety requirements become more advanced across the beverage industry, tracking and traceability capabilities are a prerequisite. Ecological factors One environmental issue that food processing companies face is waste remaining from packaging. However, the problem often lies in feasibility of collection, separation and purification of the consumers’ disposed bottles or drinks packets. Environmental issues have gained importance because of regulatory requirements. It is not possible to sell a new packaging material without covering all the environmental issues. The reduction of materials in packing cartons can potentially provide both financial and environmental benefits. . We propose to provide our product in tetra packs so that lesser damage is done to the environment in comparison to PET bottles. 2. Product review 2.1 Product features In India coconut water has always been considered as a health drink to refresh the body due to its nutritional value. Tender Coconut Water is considered the healthiest best sports drink in the world, because it contains vitamins. It is very refreshing and rich in sugar, electrolytes and minerals – available in the natural form in most sterile conditions. It is a natural isotonic drink where the electrolyte levels are similar to those found in the human body. The water of fresh green coconuts is actually fat free. Our company keeping this factor in mind has come up with two natural flavored drink containing 1. Kewra essence which has a floral fragrance thereby providing a cooling effect in the drink. 2. Mint flavor to provide freshness and energizing flavor to the drink Chota Anna would have two variants in terms of Kewra drink and Mint drink. Kewra drink Mint drink Coconut water Coconut water Kewra essence Mint sugar honey Farm Fresh Tender Coconut are selected (50% capacity extracted) and the rest purchased from the Ratnagiri Association Coconut supplier and Natural Tender Coconut Water is squeezed out, untouched by hand and put through a special process in order to add the natural flavors of Kewra essence and Mint. The product is packed in food-grade Bottles/ Cans, which keeps it fresh for 9/18 months. The taste is natural and hence good.

foolear A Fool for a King in William Shakespeares King Lear Essay

A Fool for a King in King Lear     Ã‚   In Shakespeare's play King Lear, the main character, King Lear, is presented as a respected and powerful king. As the story progresses the king loses his power because of his own stupidity and blindness. The tragedy of this play is shown chiefly through the actions of Lear’s daughters, which lead to Lear’s bout with insanity, and through the words of the Fool. At the beginning of the play, King Lear appears as a powerful and well-loved ruler. He explains his intention to abdicate and divide his kingdom among his three daughters, giving the largest segment to the daughter who convinces him that she loves him most (Boyce 343).   Goneril is the first to lie,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sir, I love you more than word can wield the matter; / Dearer than eyesight, space, and liberty;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Beyond what can be valued, rich or rare; / No less than life, with grace, health, beauty, honor;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As much as child e’er loved, or father found; A love that makes breath poor, and speech unable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Beyond all manner of so much I love you. (I.i.56-63) Regan is the next to exaggerate her love,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I am made / Of that same metal as my sister   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And prize me at her worth. In my true heart / I find she names my very deed of love,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Only she comes too short, that I profess / Myself an enemy to all other joys   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Which the most precious square of sense possesses, / And find I am alone felicitate   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In your dear Highness’ love. (I.i.72-80) Finally, Cordelia speaks only the truth when she says, â€Å" Unhappy that I am, I cannot heave / My heart into my mouth. I l... ...cted and powerful king to that of a regular man who, at times, seems to have no family. This takes him to the brink of despair and, at least, temporary insanity until he is rescued by his friend whom he had banished and his daughter whom he had disinherited.   Not only is it a tragedy that Lear and Cordelia die at the end of the play, but also that so much pain and suffering was endured before a Fool enabled Lear to see that he had tragically misjudged the most important people in his life. The people he had rejected were the ones who truly loved him and tried to protect him; the people he treated so well were the ones from whom he needed to be protected.   This error in judgment cost him everything.   Works Cited Boyce, Charles.   Shakespeare A to Z.   New York: Roundtable Press, 1990. Shakespeare, William.   King Lear.   New York: Washington Square Press, 1957.

Homosexuality from the Psychological and Christian Perspectives Essay

The â€Å"rightness† or â€Å"wrongness† of homosexuality has long been a subject for debate in both moral and social circles. Some have said that a person’s gender is their own choice and therefore should be respected. Some contend that homosexuality is brought on by factors both biological and environmental and should therefore be understood. Staunch Christian believers on the other hand point out that when God created humans, He created only man and woman. Anything that goes against that is simply wrong and immoral. In the 19th century, homosexuality was defined as one person’s desire and interest for another person of the same sex (â€Å"Homosexuality,† 2004). Today, while the definition is still applicable, homosexuality has also come to be viewed as â€Å"wanting to be of the other gender† different from one’s own biology. â€Å"I can’t help who I am. † Is a person’s homosexuality brought about as a matter of choice, by birth, or is it something in a person’s environment? There have been theories advanced in the field of psychology that state people are influenced by factors both external and internal. The late nineteenth and early 20th centuries saw the first scientific studies into the origin of homosexuality (Vern & Vern, 1993). The first was Karl Heinrich Ulrichs (1825-1895). He was one of the first acknowledged researchers into homosexuality as well as one of the first people to publicly admit he was gay. In those days, he called what we know now as homosexuality â€Å"urning† and stated that urnings should be considered simply as the â€Å"third sex. † Richard von Krafft-Ebbing (1840-1902) was one of the first to issue views on homosexuality as a perversion. Then again, all sexual acts undertaken without the purpose of reproduction, to him, were unnatural and â€Å"perversions of the sexual instinct. † (Vern & Vern, 1993) Several studies then showed that homosexuality, particularly among males, was a common if not natural occurrence. In the journal â€Å"Yearbook for the Sexual Intermediates,† Dr. Magnus Hirschfeld, a leading proponent of the thought that homosexuality was inborn and therefore natural, states: â€Å"In the embryonic state, people are bisexual, but in the course of their natural development, most lose their desire for members of the same sex. These people are the heterosexuals, who love members of the opposite sex. Another category consists of those individuals whose sexual organs develop normally but in whom the desire for same-sex individuals in the feeling center fails to recede. The results are men who love men and women who love women. † (Sappho and Socrates, 1896) (Russell, 1995) The field of psychoanalysis also presented their views on the origin of homosexuality. In the early days, homosexuality, as well as other â€Å"deviant† societal behaviors were viewed as â€Å"illnesses† that were treatable by psychoanalysis. One explanation advanced was that of Freud’s Oedipus Complex among males and â€Å"penis envy† among the female homosexuals. Freud says that males with Oedipus complex, preferred their mother and hated their father. Perhaps this can be translated to males hating their â€Å"maleness† because they associate it with their fathers. Women on the other hand, realize â€Å"a repressed desire for a penis† in their psychosexual â€Å"phallic† and â€Å"oral† stages said Freud. (Webster, 2005, p. 324) Feminist critics of Freudian theory however said that Freud’s thinking were too misogynist and distinctly anti-feminine. One pivotal development in psychiatric understanding of homosexuality was a study conducted by Irving Bieber (Dain et al. , 1962, p. 182). In a sample of 106 homosexual patients treated by either him or other psychiatrists, he found that feminine and cross-gender behavior patterns commonly manifested themselves even before the age of puberty. It is from this study that it was determined that homosexuality set in even before males were influenced by any hormonal surges and sexual awareness caused by puberty. These results however, have been interpreted and over-simplified by some quarters to mean that homosexuality must then be attributed to a male individual’s relationship with a strong, dominant mother and a weak or absent father. It was then proposed that homosexuality was not an illness, but rather a developmental problem brought about by conditions of family relations particularly the relationship between father and son. Homosexuality was then treated as the product of a father’s failure to bond and impress the male gender identity on his son. Father needs to mirror and affirm the boy’s maleness. As Payne explains, â€Å"The masculinity within is called forth and blessed by the masculinity without† ( 1985: 13 ). This beautiful and mysterious match is the union of an inner need and an outer reality. The boy seeks to take in what is exciting, fun, and energizing about his father. There is a freedom and power to outgrowing mother—and this power is personified by the father. If father is warm and receptive, the boy will be encouraged to dis-identify from the feminine and enter into the masculine sphere. He will then become masculine-identified and most probably heterosexual. If both parents encourage the boy this way, he will be well on his way to fulfilling his male gender identification and heterosexuality. (Baird & Baird, 1995, p. 52) The year 1973 saw a change in the way homosexuality was viewed (Vern & Vern, 1993). Due to a vote held within the American Psychological Association (APA), homosexuality ceased to be an illness and was subsequently dropped from the APA Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. The debate on the origin of homosexuality is basically of a â€Å"nature vs. urture† perspective. Some have posited the idea that being gay is not a choice, one is just born gay. Others have contended that homosexuality comes from failed or uneven relationships within the family. Which truly is which? Thinkers called â€Å"essentialists† hold forth the belief that man’s make up is biological and genetic. Sexual orientation is just one of the things that genes, hormones and brain make up decide. People are born gay and thus, cannot change or escape from that. (LeVay, 1996). (Seutter & Rovers, 2004) At the opposite end of the argument are the â€Å"constructionists. For them, nobody is born gay. Sexual orientation is decided and influenced by an individual’s interaction and reinforced choices in the social context particularly in the family setting. (Seutter & Rovers, 2004) Family seems to play a key role in the determination of an individual’s gender. Be it taken from a genetic contribution to setting the environment that conditions and orients an individual with society. Many psychologists agree that a person’s relationship with people around one’s self will have influences of varying degrees on the individual’s choices and preferences. In fact several theories have been advanced with their basis on such familial contributions. (Seutter & Rovers, 2004) Bowen’s â€Å"Family-of-origin† theory (1978) states that a person’s self-image, behaviors, attitudes, beliefs and values are formed by experiences within one’s â€Å"family-of-origin. † Differentiation or the need to preserve one’s self in relationships as an individual as well as the level of intimacy reached is just one of the things that are developed in the family-of-origin. Authority and power were the basis for Williamson’s concept of â€Å"Personal Authority† (1991) In his concept, Williamson believed that an individual’s person and feeling of personal was formed by leaving the parental home in the psychological if not physical sense. He further stated that only when an individual has â€Å"individuated† himself or set himself apart from the family and established his own identity can he reconnect voluntarily with his family. (Seutter & Rovers, 2004) Nowadays, gays and lesbians have become more â€Å"empowered† as opposed to the years past when homosexuals lived in fear of being discovered and isolated from society or prohibited from living normally as they chose. In a journal article by Anthony R. D’Augelli (2003) for the American Journal of Community Psychology, he shares: Homosexuality was not removed from the psychiatric nomenclature in DSM until 1973, a year after I completed my doctoral training. During my clinical training, I wanted to discuss my feelings with someone, but the idea was terrifying; and, I did not seek professional help because of fear that I would be removed from my program. (After all, who trains someone with a mental disorder to be a clinical psychologist? ) In addition, despite my sexual orientation, which was fairly clear to me at that point, I could not even bring myself to share this information even with the Army physicians during my physical examination after being drafted for service during the Vietnam era. This simple truth would have removed me from induction, but I could not say the words. (D’Augelli, 2003) What the Church has to Say The growing numbers of â€Å"out† gays and lesbians have not escaped the notice of the Christian churches. Traditionally, churches of different religions have been hostile toward gays and lesbians. To them, there are only two genders: man and woman. There have even been some instances where there were accounts of physical and verbal humiliation and abuse gay worshippers suffered within the church, at time in the hands of a priest of Father confessor.

Identify One Primary Value Creation, One Support, and One General Management Process You Might Encounter at Zappos.

Wilfredo Gonzalez External Hiring November 26, 2011 Human Resource Recruitment and selection – Fall 2011 JR smith would have an advantage when hiring an external candidate for the Fort Lewis office. This candidate should be someone from the area well verse of the military rules, the demographics. This candidate will go though the full and formal hiring process of evaluation. The external hiring process relies on the candidate’s performance during screening, interviews and assessment. We have one current staff member that served in the National Guard for five years but only has a high diploma and another staff member that has fifteen years experience in customer relations but has never lived or served around military personnel. Therefore the candidate needed for the area of 19,089 people as of 2000, is someone who has military and civilian workforce experience, an MBA , and have strong customer service relations. The population of Fort Lewis in 2000 was 19,089 with a decline in 2010 of 8,043 in the amount of 11,046. Race/ethnicity| 2010 population| 2010 percentage| 2000 population| 2000 percentage| 2000-2010 change| White| 7,538| 68. 2%| 11,537| 60. 4%| -34. 7%| Black| 1,253| 11. 3%| 3,882| 20. 3%| -67. 7%| Two or more races| 1,058| 9. 6%| 1,230| 6. 4%| -14. 0%| Other race| 433| 3. 9%| 1,189| 6. 2%| -63. 6%| Asian| 336| 3. 0%| 650| 3. 4%| -48. 3%| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander| 258| 2. 3%| 342| 1. 8%| -24. 6%| American Indian/Alaska Native| 170| 1. 5%| 259| 1. 4%| -34. 4%| Total| 11,046| 100%| 19,089| 100%| -42. %| *Hispanic origin| 1,800| 16. 3%| 2,507| 13. 1%| -28. 2%| 2010 population by race/ethnicity| | | | | | http://data. spokesman. com/census/2010/washington/cities/fort-lewis-cdp-wa/ Research shows that organizations that foster strong cultures have clear values that give potential employees to embrace the cultures. Therefore a person with military back ground will be able to understand the struggles of the potential employees and help them the training needed for future employment. A strong culture may be especially beneficial to firms operating in the service sector sine JR smith are responsible for delivering the service and for evaluations important constituents make about this firm. Because research indicates that organizations may derive the following benefits from developing strong and productive cultures. It would better align the company toward achieving its vision, mission and goals. Give the employees high motivation and loyalty and it will help in shaping employee behavior at work, enabling JR Smith to be more efficient. The goal of having someone that has the correct customer experience management is to move customers from satisfied to loyal and then from loyal to advocate. CRM strategies and solutions are designed to focus on the product, price and enterprise. JR smith focus for the future is through job training, pension and VA benefits consultation and resume writing services with full time agents. Therefore a canadite with the customer service experience and military background will be valuable to the company from dealing with personal from the military. The fort Lewis area is made up of retired and transient service people ready to hit the work force but need a little help. A person with the expericance need for JR Smith management position will be able to guide them the right way with the back ground needed and degree. A person without the military back ground and only the degree will not understand the needs of the retired military personal. Reference Jean M. Phillips, Stanley M. Guly (2012). Strategic staffing. second edition, New Jersey: Person Hall education,INC. | | | | | | http://data. spokesman. com/census/2010/washington/cities/fort-lewis-cdp-wa/

Vulgar and Vulgarity

Vulgar and Vulgarity Vulgar and Vulgarity Vulgar and Vulgarity By Maeve Maddox The English word vulgar derives from the Latin word for â€Å"the common people†: vulgus. Before it took on the meanings of â€Å"unrefined, coarse, uncultured, refined, and ill-bred,† vulgar meant â€Å"belonging to the mass of people,† or â€Å"commonly used or known.† Nonjudgmental uses of vulgar For example, what historians now refer to as the Common Era (and some writers still refer to as A.D.) was once called â€Å"the Vulgar Era†: the division of historical time inhabited by all living people in common. â€Å"Vulgar Latin† was the form of Latin spoken by the common people, as opposed to the classical Latin spoken and written by the educated classes. Jerome’s 4th century translation of the Bible into Latin came to be known as the â€Å"Latin Vulgate†not because he wrote it in vulgar Latin, but because it succeeded earlier translations in common use. Note: Modern speakers equate the term â€Å"vulgar language† with obscenity, so if you want to talk about the common speech of a people, the better choice is vernacular: the native speech or language of a particular country or district; also, the informal, colloquial, or distinctive speech of a people or a group. In mathematics, there’s such a thing as â€Å"a vulgar fraction†: common fractions or vulgar fractions are those in which the numerator and denominator are represented by numbers placed the one above, the other below, a horizontal line. Vulgar to mean â€Å"crude and socially offensive† Throughout history, wealth and formal education have been confined to a small part of every country’s population. As a result, the language and behavior of these small privileged segments have come to be seen as the civilized norm. What is vulgar in one culture may be socially acceptable in another. Behavior considered to be vulgar in Western culture includes: uttering mean, hurtful, insulting remarks telling offensive jokes in mixed company invading the personal space of others making inappropriate sexual remarks appearing in public without being fully dressed spitting, farting, etc. in public talking about intimate personal matters to strangers talking loudly screaming, either at a distance to be heard, or in anger or excitement peppering ordinary speech with obscenities and vulgarities asking personal questions of mere acquaintances bragging about possessions and financial worth The Google Ngram Viewer shows a dramatic drop in the appearance of the word vulgar in printed works from the 19th to the 21st century, but a web search suggests that it may be experiencing a come-back. Here are some examples: [Basketball player] fined $75K for homophobic, vulgar remarks the Jordan Belfort of the memoirs comes off as a delusional, vulgar fraud. Toddler taken from vulgar parents after filthy video goes viral Maine governor makes vulgar remark about lawmaker Perhaps as the result of an essay by Lee Siegel in The Wall Street Journal, a search of the article’s title, â€Å"America the Vulgar,† receives about 10,900,000 results And not all the web occurrences of vulgar are judgmental; some manufacturers are proud to offer â€Å"vulgar, offensive T-shirts† for sale. Vulgar language occupies an important place in the human psyche. â€Å"Bad words† exist in every language ever studied. Uttering an obscenity can relieve strong feelings. A string of curses can prevent physical violence. George Carlin and Richard Pryor knew how to use vulgarity to add force to social criticism, but they did it in the context of closed venues. As Carlin energetically pointed out, context is what makes a word â€Å"bad†; context also determines the appropriateness of â€Å"inappropriate† language. When vulgar language becomes commonplace, its emotive power is squandered. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph Examples"Latter," not "Ladder"10 Functions of the Comma

How Sociology Can Prepare You for a Career in Business

How Sociology Can Prepare You for a Career in Business Sociology, with its focus on groups, organizations, and human interaction is a natural complement to business and industry. And, it is a degree that is increasingly well received in the business world. Without a good understanding of co-workers, superiors and subordinates, customers, competitors, and all of the roles that each play, it is nearly impossible to succeed at business. Sociology is a discipline that enhances a business person’s ability to manage these relations. Within sociology, a student can specialize in subfields including the sociology of work, occupations, law, economy and politics, labor, and organizations. Each of these subfields offers important insights into how people operate in the workplace, the costs and politics of labor, and how businesses interact with each other and with other entities like government bodies. Students of sociology are trained to be keen observers are those around them, which makes them good at anticipating interests, goals, and behavior.  Especially  in a diversified  and  globalized corporate world, in which one might work with people of various races, sexualities, nationalities, and cultures, training as a sociologist can develop  the perspective and critical thinking skills necessary to succeed today. Fields and Positions There are many possibilities in the business world for those with a sociology degree. Depending on your experience and skills, jobs could range from sales associate to business analyst, to human resources, to marketing. Across business sectors, expertise in organizational theory can inform planning for entire organizations, business development, and training of employees. Students who have focused on the sociology of work and occupations, and who are trained in diversity and how it affects interactions between people might excel in various human resources roles, and in industrial relations. A sociology degree is increasingly welcomed in the fields of marketing, public relations, and organization research, where training in research design and execution using both quantitative and qualitative methods, and ability to analyze various kinds of data and draw conclusions from them are very important. Those who see themselves working in international business development and international trade can draw on training in economic  and political sociology, culture, race and ethnic relations, and conflict. Skill and Experience Requirements The skills and experience required for a business career will vary depending on the specific job you are seeking. However, besides the coursework in sociology, it is also a good idea to have a general understanding of business concepts and practices. Having a few business courses under your belt, or even receiving a double major or a minor in business is also a great idea if you know you would like to pursue a career in business. Some schools even offer joint degrees in sociology and business. Updated by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

What important contribution or contributions did this scholar make to Essay - 2

What important contribution or contributions did this scholar make to the field of biblical studies - Essay Example The ancient history of Christian biblical interpretation has been molded by great and famous philosophers and scholars who travels deep into the sea of Christian text and interpret it according to their believe and philosophy1. The contents of the New Testament have been contributed by scholars such as Baur, however, criticism of this same testament can also be found too by the same scholar. In F. C Baur mixture of history and theology, the historical exploration of Christian antiquity has helped in forging a path to comprehend the Christianity faith2. This helps crossing the hurdle the Enlightenment’s separation of the rational truth from (if and then) history. Baur contributed to the New Testaments by studying the theology and unfolding the Christianity beliefs and faith rather than just studying its origin. He further believed that truth can be beheld only in a particular history and that is id illustrated only in historical development. His objective was to speak of God in terms of self-divine revelation. Tubingen school attempted to merge the church’s teaching with philosophy and biblical texts. One of the most successful people to carry out this interpretation was Ferdinand Christian Baur, but opened up new areas in the New Testament for controversies. His one of the major and significant contribution was attracting attention to the dive and believes in God and religion within New Testaments and established principles of raw historical comprehension of the Bible. He rejected Supernaturalism and implemented Hegelian dialectic to the Testament. Through this he found out basic tension between the Pauline and Petrine theology, hence, the documents and words of the New Testaments tried to smoothen the fight between the Jewish and Gentile church. He believed that the authenticity of other books can be judged by

Organizational analysis of the Nike Company Research Paper

Organizational analysis of the Nike Company - Research Paper Example Nike is no doubt a leading manufacturer and provider of sports goods and equipment throughout the world filled with hundreds of nations. The production facilities of the company are operating in distant parts of Bangladesh and India where employees are paid on an hourly basis (Leavy, 2004). The Nike as a company is the most suitable instance of an organization which has worked tremendously over the past few years to incorporate outsourcing within the very fabric of itself but recent problems with the company are originating within its strategic alignment with the outside world and external environment in a general way. The company is operating in order to provide state of the art gear for sportsmen and women all around the world. Nike is clearly feeling reluctant in terms of adopting change and therefore, lagging behind in the industry of footwear that is rapidly evolving in order to incorporate growing demands of the modern consumer. The company needs to design and market multipurpo se shoes so that public can use them in wide range of scenarios of life. Nike as an organization is serving a very specific and unique clientele in all regions of the world. Major KSIs are described as follows: -The international economic and fiscal pressures have caused people to drop their expenses on purchasing luxuries and as Nike’s products qualify as luxuries and therefore, they also took a notable hit as their global demand decreased. The reduction in demand for luxuries had been motivated.

Charismatic Leadership Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Charismatic Leadership - Case Study Example The social conditions and patterns of the charismatic leadership were expected to be the reason for a strong bond between followers and the leaders. Dominating charismatic leaders are visionary and have strong convictions, sensitive to environmental resources and constraints, unconventional in behavior and self-confident. However, researchers have also argued that psychological attributes can also create charismatic leaders. The major assumptions regarding charismatic leadership are personal admirations among followers for the leaders and self-belief in the leader. Few of the basic characteristics of charismatic leaders are: A charismatic leader is creative and unconventional. While resolving issues and troubleshooting, charismatic leaders always look for solutions which are creative and unconventional. These methods are also used to attract others attention towards key issues (Jacobsen 75) They possess effective and influential interpersonal communication skills. They are always rea dy to demonstrate attention and respect towards self as well as others. Through self-sacrifice and personal risks, they are able to create loyalty and absolute trustworthiness. Theories of charismatic leadership Various theories have been established in order to explain the origin and evolution of charismatic leadership style. Few of the well known and popular theories are described below: Weberian Perspective Weber first coined the term â€Å"charisma† and described charismatic leaders as the one who bears the ability to implement drastic social changes. He identified that these kinds of leaders arise in periods of physical, economical, psychotic, religious, political or ethical distress. He also referred charismatic leaders as superhuman or supernatural with exceptional qualities and powers. According to this theory, the loyalty and passion of followers might have aroused out of hope, despair or enthusiasm. He also argued that the major difference between bureaucratic and c harismatic leadership is that charisma appeals to those with a revolutionary attitude. Rebel Leadership of Downton Downton (20-70) proposed the theory of charismatic leadership in context of political and rebel leaders. He argued that effect of charismatic leaders on followers is potent and influential because of their authority and transcendental ideals which facilitates the identification of followers with the leaders. This condition is characterized by psychological changes, solidification of trust and loyalty towards the leader. However, charismatic leadership is independent of other leadership styles such as inspirational. He had also concluded that the position of charismatic leaders can be maintained if they are able to establish security and provide a new cultural reinforcement or identity especially for those followers whose socialization or psychological dispositions are to obey orders. Psychological theory Psychological theory was first presented by House (189-207) in ord er to explain charismatic leadership behaviors. The overall psychological impact of this leadership style on the

A Critical examination of leaders create organizational culture

A Critical examination of leaders create organizational culture Introduction In area of Management and leadership, one of the most crucial and effective factors that determine the performance and position of an organization in public sector is the organizational culture. Organizational culture has been studied extensively for the past 30 or more years (Schein E. H., 1985). Lots of books have been written and much research has been done about it, and also wide range of words applied to describe this notion. Although much different definitions have been presented on this keyword, most of them place their emphasis on common key aspects. Three comprehensive definitions have been gathered in table below: Definitions of organizational culture The pattern of shared beliefs and values that give members of an institution meaning and provide them with the rules for behaviour in their organizations. (Davis, 1984, p. 1). The set of important understandings (often unstated) that members of a community share in common. (Sathe, 1985, p. 6) A set of understandings or meanings shared by a group of people. The meanings are largely tacit among the members, are clearly relevant to a particular group and are distinctive to the group (Louis, 1985, p. 74) According to these definitions, two features of organizational culture seem bolder; first shared meanings and values among organization members and second introducing clear rules and behaviours in organization. Although, some argues that culture cannot be managed (Rabin, T Wachhaus. A, 2008, p. 1) , a correlation between culture and leadership has been identified (Frontiera, 2010). Schein announced this fact in his famous book-Organizational culture and leadership (2004): Culture is a dynamic phenomenon that surrounds us at all times, being constantly enacted and created by our reactions with others and shaped by leadership behaviour. So, attentions have been paid to culture aiming to manage and improve it in order to achieve defined goals. Leaders as persons who have crucial role in improving performance found it vital in organizational discourse. Schein introduced the mutual relation and effect between leadership and culture by the term intertwined (1992) .While culture can be affected by various factors, Senge pointed out that leaders have the most influence on organizational culture (2002, p. 24) : Building an organizations culture and shaping its evolution is the unique and essential function of leadership In this paper the focus is on the influence of leadership on organizational culture to examine to what extent the view that leaders create organizational culture is true. The approach that has been applied in this paper is studying the ways and channels through which leader creates and affects the culture of organization. Four major states have been studied in this area; model leader, strategist leader, ruling leader, and performance changing. Also, the other factors that create culture have been studied and the effect of culture on leadership has been analyzed. The conclusion shows the indirect role of leader in creating culture except through becoming model. In addition, other factors have decisive role in shaping culture. Before the start of this study, clearing the concept of leadership is required. What is leadership? Who is a leader? The concept of leadership has been defined in various ways. Some stated it as a process, for instance Northouse believe that it is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal (2007, p. 3). Also, Stogdill analyzed it as influencing the activities of an organized group in its efforts toward goal setting and goal achievement (1974). By these two types of definitions, leader can be known as a person who makes decisions, sets directions, makes things happen and often He is recognisable at the top of organization. Leader carries out this process by applying their leadership knowledge and skills. (Jago, 1982) Hence leader is placed at top of organization and clarifies strategies and directions, has most effects on the culture of organizations. In following next parts some ways by which leader affects culture have been examined. Leader; as a model In an organization the leadership and the behaviours of leader become an ideal pattern for followers, and a stream of organizational deportment would flow from top (leader) to down (followers). This case often happens in transformational type of leadership in which leader has charismatic features (Harms, p Crede, M, 2010). Bass and Avolio described transformational leader as able to motivate others to do more than they originally intended and often more than they thought possible (1993). As the organizational culture is made of behaviours and manners, charismatic leader cultivates a particular method of comportment in climate. Culture of an organization consists of different areas; competitiveness, social responsibility, innovation, stability, performance orientation, and supportiveness. So, the manner of leader affects every area of organizational culture and this top-down influence can lead to affirmative or mortal outcomes in performance (Sarros, J. Gray, J and Densten, I, 2002). By way of illustration, this can be studied in realm of Innovation and change; Fishman and Kavanaugh claimed that the culture of an organization and how people respond to change and innovation is shaped substantially by the behaviours of the leader (1989). Smith revealed that leaders behaviours can be followed by employees (2010); Leaders are the role models and when they walk the talk long enough, fairly soon these values become standard procedure. Leaders are lent very crucial and decisive position by which they influence the culture of organization through leading motivation, attendance and attitude of followers in organizational operation. This can be found in Amabile suggestion (1998): By influencing the nature of the work environment and organizational culture, leaders can affect organizational members attitude to work related change and motivation. Schein assumed culture begins from leaders who impose their own values and assumptions on a group (2004, p. 2). Leader as a ruler Leaders externalize their own assumptions and embed them into structures, mission, goals and working procedures gradually and consistently (Schein E. H., 2004, p. 406). In one hand, a leader make decisions and determine rules, and in the other hand organizational culture is described as a set of structures, routines, rules and norms that guide the constrain behaviour (Schein E. H., Organizational Culture and Leadership, 2004). So, leadership manipulates organizational culture through ruling in organization. Dull reflected this fact in the other way (2010): Public sector leaders attempt to cultivate organizational culture as a means of controlling administrative behaviour and building organizational competence, defined as the skill and capacity to accomplish necessary tasks Here the culture described as a tool for improving procedures to facilitate achieving goal. This case can be examined when leader feels sure about a needful innovation in organization. For promoting change, beside other necessities, leader has to provide a firm ground for implementing innovation; this ground is formal procedures and actions. As Armenakis et al. claimed leaders can modify formal structures, procedures, and human resource management practices (1999). So, leader initiates change and clarifies orientation of organization; he arrives to alter proceeds for reaching ends. In reality, changing procedures interpreted as changing culture. Leader as strategist Stewart declared that the strategy of an organization gives it identity based on its functions, Also it clarifies what an organization is and what it is doing (2004). Strategy forms culture of through highlighting tasks, directions, positions and behaviours . The change management strategy or approach selected by leaders will result in shifts in organizational culture. (Kavanagh, H Ashkanasy, N, 2006) By understanding the importance of strategy and its relation with culture, leader enters this relation and influence culture in two ways; first standing between strategy and culture, second use the strategy as a tool for modifying culture. Fernandez and Rainey interpreted strategy as a course of action for implementing changes (2006). Despite strategy plays a crucial role in organization, this is the role of leader to translate it into a course of actions. Goldsmith explains to CEO (chief executive officer) how leaders are needed to communicate and execute an organization s strategy. (2009) When leaders and their executive teams take an active role in implementing strategies, this is a commitment to ensure the ideas or strategies become part of the organisation. Insightful leaders realise that for strategies to be successfully integrated into their organisations, they must align, measure, market and package the strategy to their business, customers and investment community as they would with any marketing campaign. While strategy introduces direction of an organization, it is just on the paper. The best-planned strategy is no more than wishful thinking if it cannot be translated from concept to reality (Hsieh, T and Yik, S, 2005) .Here it is leader who translates it from language of paper to a course of actions. Speculand has studied the decisive role of leadership and placed his special emphasis on leaders in success and failure of implementing strategies (2009). So, leader as a median interprets strategy into organization procedure, role, and belief. This action forms the culture; in this area culture is set of behaviours and procedures that are defined by strategy. In this process leader injects strategy into the body of organization. In reality, leader makes strategy feasible, and at the same time forms culture. But it is not whole the story about relation of strategy and culture. Leader alters climate of organization by applying strategy as a tool too. In other words, leader stands at the top and place strategy between him and culture; actually, leader applies strategy as a means to influence organizational culture. This is deducted from the role of leader in designing strategies, Where Abramson and Lawrence claimed (2001): Managerial leaders must develop a course of action or strategy for implementing change. Convincing the members of an organization of the need for change is obviously not enough to bring about actual change. The new idea or vision must be transformed into a course of action or strategy with goals and a plan for achieving it Changing performance The performance of an organization is effective factor through which leader influence the culture. Wikipedia defined Performance defined as the activity of a unit (be it individual, team, department, or division) of an organization intended to accomplish some desired result (2011). This item is evaluated by measuring outputs and outcomes. There is a multilateral and at the same time mutual relation among leadership, culture and performance. In other words, they are interdependent (i.e. leadership and climate are subject to affect by the status of performance of organization). To understand this linkage a circle of relation between leader, climate and performance should be studied. It can be understood from this circle that leader can affect culture through changing performance. In this network of linkage leader affects culture and alter its elements through changing performance and informing employees about it. This influence occurs through the Feedback. Feedback typically consists of information provided to an individual for the purpose of an increase in performance (Kluger, A. N. Denisi, A., 1996). There is variety of feedback forms, which are described by different aspects. One kind of feedback is outcome feedback in which information concerning performance outcomes. (Balcazar, F., Hopkins, B. L., Suarez, Y, 1986) It seems positive and constructive, to inform employees about high performance and improvement of outcomes. Geister et al. concluded in their case study that information and feedback about the team situation is crucial to improving the motivation, satisfaction, and performance of members in virtual teams. (2006) Leader affects the culture of organization indirectly through improving performance and diffusing information about it, an action which leads to a healthy, motivate and more evolutionary climate. If decisions and policies leader applied led to quality performance, it encourages atmosphere of hardworking, competition, integration and responsibility but in fragile situation and poor performance culture would collapse. Culture creates leader, a challenge While the impact of leader on culture is a considerable fact and has been studied and proved in many cases, some opinions challenged it. In an attempt to address this theoretical disagreement, Sarros et al. surveyed over 1,900 managers in Australia and found that leadership was a far more prominent predictor of culture than culture was of leadership. (2002) As it has been mentioned there are an interdependent relations among leadership, culture and performance, so it is a noticeable reality that leader is affected by culture too. Hatch claimed that it is difficult for leaders to have any impact on culture, as culture has a larger influence on leaders. (1993) Schein asserted that while leaders create culture in the early stages of an organization, culture creates leaders as an organization matures. He claimed that culture is deep, broad, and stable. It can be an unconscious determinant of who gets hired, who gets promoted and rewarded, and indeed, how the vision, mission, and strategy are lived. (2004) Culture of organization is a very decisive factor, so leader has to apply appropriate way of leading which does work in that climate. Smith et al. have sought for a proper model of leadership in China by regarding effects of cultural backgrounds (1997), which reflect the crucial role of culture in determining leadership style. It seems imperfect and naÃÆ'Â ¯f to study the relation of leader and climate unilaterally. The relation is mutual and should be studied in this way to achieve a perfect view. Other factors as actors While leadership plays a core role in creating organizational culture, other factors affect climate and even can take it out of control of leader. Culture can be affected by different internal and external factors. As the culture has defined as meanings and behaviours of members, the organizational members are effective actors. Krizek views culture as patterns of meaning and interpretation-whether these patterns emerge among management or employees. So, before leader creates culture, it has been constituted by members beliefs and thoughts as internal actors (2005). As another internal factor, type of function and business of organization conducts the elements of culture. (Schein E. H., Organizational Culture and Leadership, 1992) In other words the mission of organization is a set of beliefs about its core competences (Schein E. H., Organizational Culture and Leadership, 2004, p. 89). External forces may or may not influence the communicative and cultural makeup of an organization. (Cheney, 2001) Examples of external forces include, but are not limited to, economics, education, family, law, media, politics, religion, and technology. External environment and constraints have a considerable role in determining climate of organizations. As, leader has to make situation and organization ready to cope with external environment, any change in environment leads to change policies, behaviours and routines and finally innovates the culture. Schein pointed out that if the environmental context is changing such conflict can be a potential source of adaption and new learning. (2004, p. 108) Organizational culture is influenced by social and national culture of the area in which it is situated. National beliefs, stories, type of thinking and values affect the climate of organization. So, leader is situated in a set of actors that shape culture and is not exclusive actor. Conclusion In this paper the view that leaders create organizational culture has been examined critically. At the first the culture defined as a set of routines, behaviour, meanings and understandings that is shared among members of an organization. Leader defined as who make decision, determine directions and make things happen or not to happen. It has been proved that leaders have a noticeable role in creating organizational climate. The first way through which culture forms by leader is by the stream of meaning, behaviour and beliefs as an ideal method or pattern from top (leader) to down (employees). In this statement employees are assumed as followers who are affected by the nature of leader. As a short explanation, Leadership consists of attributes and skills that determine not only the nature of enterprise, in all its manifestations, but the overall nature of society and the world (Sarros, J. Gray, J. Densten, I, 2002). In this way leaders are charismatic persons by whom followers behaviours consciously or unconsciously are affected. The second conduit for influencing culture is ruling. Leader is top ruler in organization who directs routines, structures and procedures. It has been assumed that by doing these affairs, leader is manipulating culture or changing its elements. In this statement changing culture described as changing procedures and formal administrative process. In third way the focus has been put on strategy. Strategy is the manifestation of mission, directions, tasks and rules and has a strong correlation with culture. It has been expressed that leader affects culture through strategy in two ways. First way is attempt to codify and provide strategy. In this state leader as a strategist inject beliefs and preference into strategy and determine culture through it. The second channel is to standing between strategy and culture in order to interpret and implement it in preferred way. The other area which has been studied is performance. It assumed that leader plays remarkable role in changing performance and the status of outcomes of organization affect the culture directly. The impact of high performance in healthy culture and poor one in weak climate mentioned in this paper. These four ways illustrate the crucial role of leadership in creating culture. But in last two sections of paper this role has been challenged in two statements. First is that while leader creates culture, culture creates leader too. As mentioned, culture is stable and has elements that determine which style of leadership is required and who can be the organizational leader. As, Schein assumes leadership and culture as two sides of one coin, cultural norms define how a given nation or organization will define leadership. (2004) In addition, some factors like external environment, employees beliefs, business of organization, and national culture introduced as factors which affect organizational culture. In conclusion, it should be claimed that the effects of leadership in shaping culture is noticeable and can be realized by studying it through different ways. But the more crucial point is that the effect is not directly except in first way in which leader becomes a pattern for followers. In all conditions leader can apply some policies by which affects culture. Employees play decisive role in changing climate, and leaders dont change culture, they merely invite their people to change the culture (Hillis). So, leader is not the exclusive actor in influencing culture. Other factors should be studied so that an effective innovation and successful change in culture can be achieved.